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REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

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UZBEKISTAN

Republic of Uzbekistan is young state in Central Asia becoming independent after disintegration of USSR in 1991. The territory of Uzbekistan is 447,4 thousand km2. The distance between south and north points is 925km and between west and east v 1400km. The lowest point is cavity Mingbulak in Central Kizilkums (12m below see level). The highest point is 4643m in the mountains of Gissar range (Surhandarya region). Uzbekistan borders on the states Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadjikistan and Afghanistan.
Capital is Tashkent.

The state language is Uzbek. Russian is language of interethnic dialogue of more than 100 nations and nationalities living in territory of Republic. The population of Uzbekistan is about 25 million and the agricultural population makes 60% from this amount. In Uzbekistan there are 16 cities with the population of more than 100 thousand people. A level of birth rate per year is 450v500 thousand people. The average size of family is 5,5 people, children and adolescents till 15 years make 43%.
The main religion v Islam.

Administratively, Uzbekistan consists of 12 districts (viloyatov) and Karakalpak autonomous Republic.
Climate in Uzbekistan is sharply continental with cold winter and hot long summer. Averages temperatures in January v 2v3 0C, absolute minimum v 38 0C, July v 30v32 0C, absolute maximum 49,6 0C. Average quantity of precipitation from 200 up to 300mm on flatness and up to 900mm in mining regions. Number of hours of solar glowing is 2500v3000. Uzbekistan is country of the richest history and motherland of most ancient civilizations. Here the powerful states such Baktria, Sogdiana, Parfia and Khorezm arose, blossomed and died. In the Middle Ages there was a center of huge Tamerlan?s empire. More than 20 centuries ago numerous caravans from China in Europe passed along the Great Silk Road.

Famous all over the world scientists and poets: Avicenna, Alisher Navoi, Ulugbek, Al-Khorezmi were born and created in Uzbekistan. Thousand years ago in Uzbekistan fantastic cities with fine palaces, mosques, madrassas, parks and gardens were built. Many of them were broken down, but the remained monuments of a Middle Ages in Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva till now admire.

The nature of Uzbekistan is rich and different. The greatest Asian desert Kizilkum is situated near with ranges of Tien-Shan and Pamir, thousand springs flow down from mountains establishing the largest rivers of Asia, Amu Darya and Sir Darya. The lifeless steppes and deserts are replaced by oases, where grow cotton and fig. The green apron plains are surrounded with ranges with covered with eternal snows. Flora and fauna is also very rich. More than 3700 kinds of plants, 97 kinds of mammalian, 379 kinds of birds, 69 kinds of fishes were studied. Uzbekistan is country with rather developed industry. Plants and factories produces airplanes and tractor, automobiles and buses, machine for cotton and textile industry, refrigeration cabinets and scroll bars. The country has developed mining, chemical and iron and steel industry (including production of refractory metals and alloys).

TAJIKISTAN